Numerical analysis of history-dependent hemivariational inequalities and applications to viscoelastic contact problems with normal penetration

In this paper numerical approximation of history-dependent hemivariational inequalities with constraint is considered, and corresponding Céa’s type inequality is derived for error estimate. For a viscoelastic contact problem with normal penetration, an optimal order error estimate is obtained for the linear element method. A numerical experiment for the contact problem is reported which provides numerical evidence of the convergence order predicted by the theoretical analysis.     

Strain rate and orientation-dependent strain hardening of Mg–9Li–Al using crystal plasticity

A crystal plasticity finite element model was proposed considering slip and twinning interactions. The grain morphology and crystallographic orientations were introduced into the model to describe the microstructure of duplex polycrystalline Mg–9Li–Al. The activation of the slip systems and the strain localisation with respect to initial grain orientations were investigated. In addition, the effects of phase distributions and volume fractions on the macroscopic responses and on strain hardening rates were analysed. The results show that the strain hardening is rate-dependent but the texture is less sensitive to strain rate. The distribution of a phase and its volume fraction play primary roles in governing the mechanical response.     

镍基高温合金锥筒形件拉深旋压成形机理研究

针对镍基高温合金因加工硬化严重成形时极易产生破裂和起皱等典型缺陷的问题,以锥筒形壳体类零件为对象,提出了一种由锥形预制坯经过真空固溶处理后拉深旋压成形锥筒形件的方法,并对其成形机理进行了研究。基于Abaqus/Explicit平台,建立了锥筒形件拉深旋压有限元模型,分析了成形过程中的瞬态等效应力、等效塑性应变、切向应力、壁厚及三向应变分布规律。结果表明:在旋压成形过程中,最大瞬态等效应力位于旋轮接触区及附近区域、最大瞬态等效塑性应变位于坯料口部;瞬态切向压应力最大值位于旋轮接触区,而瞬态切向拉应力最大值位于旋轮接触区附近的两侧区域。筒形段中部壁厚减薄,而坯料口部壁厚增厚。旋压成形试验表明,锥形预制坯经拉深旋压后可获得壁厚均匀的锥筒形件。     

高拱坝施工期温控参数敏感性分析

在混凝土高拱坝浇筑过程中,影响坝体施工期温度场及温度应力的因素有很多,因此选用适当的浇筑方案对于节约工程成本及提高坝体安全性有着重要意义。以孟底沟水电站工程为例,选用多种施工方案,并利用三维有限元方法进行仿真分析,分析了浇筑季节、浇筑层厚、间歇时间及浇筑温度等因素对坝体施工期的敏感性。结果表明,低温季节浇筑、在防止热量倒灌的前提下尽量减小浇筑层厚度、缩短间歇时间、降低浇筑温度有助于降低温度应力,提高坝体安全性。     

高湿黏性颗粒在聚四氟乙烯微孔膜滤料表面沉积特性的数值模拟

基于聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微孔膜滤料扫描电镜(SEM)图像，建立PTFE微孔膜滤料微观结构模型，采用计算流体力学和离散单元法(CFD?DEM)耦合的方法对黏性颗粒在微孔膜滤料表面沉积特性进行模拟，引入液桥力模型，忽略范德华力的作用，统计计算域内颗粒的受力情况，分析了不同表面能条件下3~6 ?m粒径颗粒在微孔膜滤料表面的沉积特性，将模拟结果与黏附效率的经验公式进行对比。结果表明，黏附效率与经验值、颗粒受力与液桥力模型的相对误差均在6%以内，CFD?DEM耦合计算方法可用于模拟不同环境湿度条件下的颗粒沉积；过滤风速、粒径与黏性是影响沉积形态的重要因素，提高过滤风速及增大颗粒粒径与黏性，颗粒更易在滤料表面形成稳定的树突结构，黏附效率及含尘压降增加。环境相对湿度影响两物体间液桥体积，接触力影响颗粒沉积，当增加表面能与液桥体积时，接触力及液桥力均相应增加，根据受力平衡原理，环境相对湿度对颗粒沉积影响很大。     

Age and productivity as determinants of firm survival over the industry life cycle

This paper contributes to fill the gap between the literature on the determinants of firm survival and the empirical works on the industry life cycle (ILC). Using a representative sample of Spanish firms with 10 or more employees over the period 1993–2009, the role played by firm age and productivity in firm survival is empirically analysed across three stages of the life cycle of forty-seven 3-digit manufacturing sectors. In the ‘early’ stage of the ILC, firm age is negatively correlated with hazard rates while firm productivity is not. Firm productivity is associated with lower hazard in the ‘mature’ stage of the ILC, when competition is primarily efficiency-driven, while firm age does not play a significant role for firm survival. In the ‘intermediate’ stage, both age and productivity play a role in reducing firms’ hazard rates.     

Numerical electric field analysis of capacitance and potential in space for estimation of permittivity distribution

We have been studying on measuring capacitance and potential using long‐distance electrode for estimating a permittivity distribution. The estimating method of permittivity distribution was proposed using finite element method (FEM) and genetic algorithm. However, the measurement accuracy was not reviewed. In this paper, we carried out numerical analysis using FEM in case of change of diameter, position, and permittivity of a rod of dielectric and discussed the measurement accuracy of capacitance and potential.     

模拟水环境下的压紧弹簧刚度试验及计算模型的研究

在模拟水环境下，对堆内构件压紧弹簧的缩比试样进行了刚度试验，并与有限元模拟、基于小扰度理论模型和大扰度随动模型的分析结果进行比较分析。结果表明，当摩擦系数按文献实验测值0.189取值时，有限元模拟、基于小扰度的理论模型和大扰度随动模型计算所得的刚度值均与试验所得的相近；卸载稳定段的刚度均明显小于加载稳定段的，是加载时的0.6倍左右。有限元模拟分析进一步阐明，在压紧弹簧变形过程中，压紧弹簧的截面存在转动，它与垫板之间的接触点并不是固定的，在加载和卸载过程中存在来回的径向位移。并且压紧弹簧接触面上的摩擦力方向是相反的，使得压紧弹簧在加载和卸载过程的刚度存在较大的差别。较小扰度理论模型、考虑压紧弹簧截面转动和接触点径向位移的大扰度随动模型所得的结果与有限元模拟更为接近。      

面向流屑角突变建模的切削状态参数经验公式的获得及应用

从提高流屑角突变模型的预测精度出发,建立了切削状态参数与3个切削控制参数之间关系的新经验公式。提出了一种通过迭代法准确设定有限元仿真软件刀-屑摩擦因数的方法,并通过直角切削Al6061-T6工件的有限元仿真试验,获得了一组不同切削控制参数组合条件下的切削状态参数数据。根据该数据拟合出剪切角φ、刀-屑摩擦角β、剪切应力τs关于刀具前角γ0、进给量f和切削速度v的经验公式,并通过一组直角切削试验,验证了所得经验公式的有效性。将新建经验公式应用于流屑角突变建模过程后,所得模型关于突变临界切削宽度的平均预测误差减小了27.2%。     

铸造式和焊接式主轴箱体的动态特性对比分析

利用有限元法和试验模态法对立式加工中心的铸造式和焊接式两种结构的主轴箱体进行了模态分析,分别获得了其前六阶固有频率和振型。通过对比两种方法获得的结果,验证了有限元分析模型的有效性。研究表明,两种主轴箱体的阻尼比接近,但焊接式主轴箱体的各阶固有频率均要高于铸造式主轴箱体的各阶固有频率。并且铸造式主轴箱体的固有频率更接近于机床主轴的常用工作频率,焊接式主轴箱体的则远离此频率。因此对于常用主轴转速而言,焊接式主轴箱体的动态性能要优于铸造式主轴箱体的动态性能。